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In an era of geopolitical fragmentation, the lines between organized crime and national security are increasingly blurred. This panel will examine how states exploit criminal networks to advance their strategic objectives—whether through targeted assassinations, transnational repression of diaspora communities, or covert influence campaigns. At the same time, powerful criminal organizations have evolved beyond traditional illicit enterprises, amassing economic and political influence that threatens state sovereignty and stability. From cartel violence undermining governance to cybercriminal syndicates disrupting global financial systems, these entities are no longer just a law enforcement problem—they are a national security threat. This discussion will explore the evolving nexus of crime and statecraft, the implications for Canada, and how policymakers must adapt to this complex threat landscape.